Wireless Sensor Network
Content
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1. Wireless Sensor Network
2. Characteristics of Wireless Sensor Networks
3. Operational Challenges Of Wireless Sensor Networks
4. Wireless Sensor Networks Applications
5. WSN Communication Architecture
6. WSN Protocol Stack
7 .A Few WSN Protocols
8. WSN Operating Systems
9. WSN Development Platforms
10. WSN Simulators
11. Conclusion
Wireless Sensor Network
3
Wireless Sensor Network
“A wireless sensor network (WSN) is a
wireless network consisting of spatially
distributed autonomous devices using
sensors to cooperatively monitor physical
or environmental conditions, such as
temperature, sound, vibration, pressure,
motion or pollutants, at different locations.”
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Content
Wireless Sensor Network
Characteristics of
Wireless Sensor Networks
Wireless Sensor Networks mainly consists of sensors.
Sensors are -
low power
limited memory
energy constrained due to their small size.
Wireless networks can also be deployed in extreme
environmental conditions and may be prone to enemy
attacks.
Although deployed in an ad hoc manner they need to be
self organized and self healing and can face constant
reconfiguration.
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Content
Wireless Sensor Network
Operational Challenges
Of
Wireless Sensor Networks
Energy Efficiency
Limited storage and computation
Low bandwidth and high error rates
Errors are common
Noisy measurements
Node failure are expected
Destroyed in harsh environments
Experiments are time- and space-intensive
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Content
Wireless Sensor Network
Wireless Sensor Networks
Applications
Military Applications
Monitoring friendly forces, equipment, and
ammunition
Battlefield surveillance
Reconnaissance of opposing forces and terrain
Targeting
Battle damage assessment
Nuclear, biological, and chemical attack detection
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Wireless Sensor Network
Wireless Sensor Networks
Applications
Environmental Applications
Forest fire detection
Flood detection
Air and water pollution
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Wireless Sensor Network
Wireless Sensor Networks
Applications
Health Applications
Telemonitoring of human physiological data
Tracking and monitoring doctors and patients inside
a hospital
Drug administration in hospitals
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Wireless Sensor Network
Wireless Sensor Networks
Applications
Home and Office Applications
Home and office automation
Smart environment
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Wireless Sensor Network
Wireless Sensor Networks
Applications
Automotive Applications
Reduces wiring effects
Measurements in chambers and rotating parts
Remote technical inspections
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Wireless Sensor Network
Wireless Sensor Networks
Applications
Other Commercial Applications
Environmental control in office buildings (estimated
energy savings $55 billion per year!)
Interactive museums
Detecting and monitoring car thefts
Managing inventory control
Vehicle tracking and detection
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Content
Wireless Sensor Network
A Few WSN Protocols
Sensor management protocol
Provides software operations needed to perform administrative
tasks e.g. moving sensor nodes, turning them on an off
Sensor query and data dissemination protocol
Provides user applications with interfaces to issue queries and
respond to queries
Sensor query and tasking language (SQTL)
Directed diffusion
Sensor MAC (S-MAC)
IEEE 802.15.4
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Wireless Sensor Network
WSN Simulators
NS-2(All are discrete-event computer network simulators,
primarily used in research and teaching.)
OPNET(OPNET Network simulator is a tool to simulate the
behavior and performance of any type of network. its power
and versatility.
J-Sim(J-Sim (formerly known as JavaSim) is a component-
based, compositional simulation environment. )
OMNeT++(OMNeT++ is an extensible, modular, component-
based C++ simulation library and framework, primarily for
building network simulators. )
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Wireless Sensor Network
Conclusion
WSNs possible today due to technological
advancement in various domains
Envisioned to become an essential part of our lives
Design Constraints need to be satisfied for realization
of sensor networks
Tremendous research efforts being made in different
layers of WSNs protocol stack
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Content
