Artificial Intelligence

1)The study of computer systems that attempt to model and apply the intelligence of the human mind.
 2) A branch of computer science dealing with the simulation of intelligent behavior in computers.
 3) The capability of a machine to imitate intelligent human behavior.

History Of  Artificial Intelligence

 In 1950 English mathematician Alan Turing wrote a landmark paper titled “Computing Machinery and Intelligence” that asked the question: “Can machines think?” 

 Further work came out of a 1956 workshop at Dartmouth sponsored by John McCarthy. In the proposal for that workshop, he coined the phrase a “study of Artificial Intelligence

The rise of Artificial Intelligence

Application of AI in medicine A medical clinic can use AI systems to organize bed schedules, make a staff rotation and provide medical information. 
 AI has also application in fields of cardiology (CRG), neurology (MRI), embryology (sonography), complex operations of internal organs, etc
Application of AI in music Scientists are trying to make the computer emulate the activities of the skillful musician. 
 Composition, performance, music theory, sound processing are some of the major areas on which research in music and AI are focusing on. Eg : chucks, smartmusic, etc.
Application of AI in telecommunication Many telecommunications companies make use of heuristic search in the management of their workforces. 
 For example BT Group has deployed heuristic search in a scheduling application that provides the work schedules of 20000 engineers.
Application of AI in robot A ROBOT is a mechanical or virtual artificial agent, usually an electro mechanical machine that is guided by a computer program or electronic circuitry. 
 Robots can be autonomous or semi-autonomous. 
 A robot may convey a sense of intelligence or thoughts of its own. 
Application of AI in gaming In the earlier days gaming technology was not broadened. 
 Physicist Willy Higinbotham created the the first video game in 1958. 
 It was called “Tennis For Tow” and was oscilloscope. 
 But, now AI technology has become vast and standard has also been increased. 
 For Eg : Sudoku, Fear, Fallout, etc
Some other application Credit granting  Information management and retrieval  AI and expert systems embedded in products  Plant layout  Help desk and assistance  Employee performance evaluation  Shipping  Marketing  Warehouse optimization  In space workstation maintenance Satellite controls  Network developments  Nuclear management  

Advantage &Disadvantage

PROS	CONS
Precision and Accuracy	Cost incurred in the maintenance and repair
Space exploration	Not able to act any different
Used for mining process	Lack the human touch
Can do laborious tasks	Lack a creative mind
Fraud detection, manage records.	Lack common sense
Lacking the emotional side	Unemployment
Can do repetitive and time-consuming tasks	Abilities of humans may diminish
Function without stopping, Risk Reducing	Humans may became dependent on machines.
Diagnosis and Treatment	Wrong hands causes destruction
Robotic pets, Robotic radiosurgery	Robots superseding humans

Future of AILooking at the features and its wide application we may definitely stick to artificial intelligence. Seeing at the development of Al is it that the future world is becoming artificial. 
 Biological intelligence is fixed, because it is an old, mature paradigm but the new paradigm of non-biological computation and intelligence is growing exponentially. 
 The memory capacity of the human brain is probably of the order often thousand million binary digits. But most of this is probably used in remembering visual impressions, and other comparatively wasteful ways.
  Hence we can say that as natural intelligence is limited and volatile too world may now depend upon computers for smooth working.
Humanoid Robot & AI Sophia is a social humanoid robot developed by Hong Kong based company Hanson Robotics. 
 Sophia was activated on April 19,2015. 
 She made her first public appearance at South by Southwest Festival in mid-March 2016 in United States. 
 In October 2017 Sophia became a Saudi Arabian citizen, the first robot to receive citizenship in any country. 
The Explosive growth of AISince Al is applicable in almost all fields, they become the needs of our life. It is the reason behind the explosive growth of AI. The growth can be divided into two parts based on the application area and what purpose they serve, they are as follows:  Growth in positive sense (useful to society)  Growth in negative sense (harmful to society)